How to add a sample in NUISANCE

This is an informal step-by-step guide on how to add samples into the NUISANCE framework.

For this tutorial I'll be adding the T2K CC1pi+ H₂O data. The data comes from the ​T2K site and ​arxiv. The data is supplied both in a ROOT file and a number of .csv files: I'll be using the ROOT file here.

Versions: NUISANCE v1r0, NEUT 5.3.6, arxiv 1605.07964v2.pdf

Examining the data and choosing distributions

Finding the neutrino flux and generating events

The first issue at hand is to find the flux for the experiment. If we don't have this, we cant make a generator prediction---unless the measurement is a total cross-section without any phase space cuts (in which case you should probably cast a suspicious eye).

A quick search through the arxiv document points us to reference [12]. It is also in our flux list.

We then generate events in NEUT 5.3.6 with a suitable card-file, see our NEUT guide on how to do this. We need the correct target (water) and flux, and perform the model selections we want (e.g. Rein-Sehgal or Berger-Sehgal coherent model). The procedure is very similar for other generators too.

Aim to generate around 1M events with all interaction modes turned on. This way we make sure to get all interaction modes into the topologically defined cross-section. We get a small amount of CCQE events which excite a pion from the outgoing nucleon interacting in the nucleus to kick out a pion, leading to a CCQE+1pi ~ CC1pi+ final state, which is signal for this particular sample.

Choosing a distribution

The T2K CC1pi+ H₂O data release contains various distributions in FIG 4. In this tutorial I'll look at adding one kinematic distribution and one derived distribution: p_mu and E^rec_nu shown below.

In NUISANCE we try to add all available distributions from a publication. However, some distributions will have detector effects "folded" into them (i.e. they will be raw detector-level data). We can only use these if there is some method which bring detector-level variables (e.g. p_mu seen in the detector) to truth-level variable (e.g. p_mu seen after correcting for the detector effects).

Implementing a sample

NUISANCE is designed to easily allow adding new samples.

Each experimental measurement is its own class. To simplify including new samples we supply a base class for 1D (Measurement1D) and 2D (Measurement2D) measurements, which in turn inherits from the virtual base class (MeasurementBase).

These MeasurementBase classes are then looped over in the executables and data/MC comparisons are the result.

The inheritance tree is simple and goes Specific_Measurement -> MeasurementXD -> MeasurementBase

Naming the sample

Some automatic processing is done on loading up the samples to set up generator scaling factors, chi2 calculations and so on. These are simple string comparisons done in the base class constructors, but do place responsibility on the user.

The structure is Experiment_Measurement_Target_DataType_DimensionVar_Neutrino:

• Experiment is the experiment (for us T2K)
• Measurement is a suitable name for the cross-section (for us CC1pip)
• Target is the interaction target (for us H2O)
• DataType is the measurement type, either Evt for an event rate measurement or XSec for a cross-section measurement (for us XSec)
• DimensionVar is 1D or 2D followed by a suitable name for the dependent variable (for us 1Dpmu)
• Neutrino is the neutrino type (for us nu)

Out of these, string comparisons are only made on DataType and DimensionVar. The other identifiers exist to adhere to some standard and keep sample naming tidy and consistent.

What to do:

Following the above convention, we end up with T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu which I'm happy with: there is no ambiguity what the class describes and there is no way of confusing it with other classes in NUISANCE.

Placing the sample in a directory

As with many packages, NUISANCE has source code in the src directory. We then have a directory for each experiment inside src, e.g. src/T2K, src/MINERvA, and so on.

The files themselves should be identical (or very very similar) to the sample name to avoid confusion.

The applications using the src files go in the app directory. However, including a new sample does not involve changing anything there, so let's ignore it for the purpose of this tutorial.

What to do:

Make the new files src/T2K/T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu.cxx and src/T2K/T2K_CC1pip_H2O_1Dpmu_nu.h. These are the implementation and header files for the new measurement.

Placing the data in a directory

The data for the measurement goes into the data directory.

As with the src directory we have sub-directories for each experiment, e.g. data/T2K and data/MINERvA.

Furthermore, we specify another directory for the measurement topology to avoid confusion, e.g. data/T2K/CC1pip for our sample.

In some cases we might have the same topology defining the cross-section but for different targets. In this case we add another sub-directory for the target, e.g. data/T2K/CC1pip/H2O.

What to do:

Put the ROOT file from the ​data release into the data/T2K/CC1pip/H2O directory.

Setting up the inheritance

Now that we have the rough structure set-up, we can finally start writing some code! :)

In the case of our T2K CC1pi+ H₂O data, we're dealing with 1D distributions. They should therefore inherit from the Measurement1D class.

Starting at the header we do

#ifndef T2K_CC1PIP_H2O_XSEC_1DPMU_NU_H_SEEN 
#define T2K_CC1PIP_H2O_XSEC_1DPMU_NU_H_SEEN

#include "Measurement1D.h"

class T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu : public Measurement1D
#endif 

to set up the inheritance. The Measurement1D class is implemented in src/FitBase/Measurement1D.cxx.

Making the constructor

Specifying the event-level dependent variable(s)

Specifying a signal definition

The final implementation

T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu.cxx:

#include "T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu.h"

// The muon momentum

//******************************************************************** 
T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu::T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu(std::string inputfile, FitWeight *rw, std::string  type, std::string fakeDataFile){
//******************************************************************** 

  fName = "T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu";
  fPlotTitles = "; p_{#mu} (GeV/c); d#sigma/dp_{#mu} (cm^{2}/(GeV/c)/nucleon)";
  EnuMin = 0.;
  EnuMax = 10.;
  Measurement1D::SetupMeasurement(inputfile, type, rw, fakeDataFile);

  // Data comes in ROOT file
  // hResultTot is cross-section with all errors
  // hResultStat is cross-section with stats-only errors
  // hTruthNEUT is the NEUT cross-section given by experimenter
  // hTruthGENIE is the GENIE cross-section given by experimenter
  SetDataFromFile(GeneralUtils::GetTopLevelDir()+"/data/T2K/CC1pip/H2O/nd280data-numu-cc1pi-xs-on-h2o-2015.root","MuMom/hResultTot");
  SetCovarFromDataFile(GeneralUtils::GetTopLevelDir()+"/data/T2K/CC1pip/H2O/nd280data-numu-cc1pi-xs-on-h2o-2015.root", "MuMom/TotalCovariance", true);

  SetupDefaultHist();

  fScaleFactor = (fEventHist->Integral("width")*1E-38)/double(fNEvents)/TotalIntegratedFlux("width");
};

//******************************************************************** 
// Find the momentum of the muon
void T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu::FillEventVariables(FitEvent *event) {
//******************************************************************** 

  // Need to make sure there's a muon
  if (event->NumFSParticle(13) == 0) return;

  // Get the muon
  TLorentzVector Pmu  = event->GetHMFSParticle(13)->fP;

  double p_mu = FitUtils::p(Pmu);

  fXVar = p_mu;

  return;
};

//******************************************************************** 
// Beware: The H2O analysis has different signal definition to the CH analysis!
bool T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu::isSignal(FitEvent *event) {
//******************************************************************** 
  return SignalDef::isCC1pip_T2K_H2O(event, EnuMin, EnuMax);
}

T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu.h:

#ifndef T2K_CC1PIP_H2O_XSEC_1DPMU_NU_H_SEEN #define T2K_CC1PIP_H2O_XSEC_1DPMU_NU_H_SEEN

#include "Measurement1D.h" #include "T2K_SignalDef.h"

class T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu : public Measurement1D { public:

T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu(std::string inputfile, FitWeight? *rw, std::string type, std::string fakeDataFile); virtual ~T2K_CC1pip_H2O_XSec_1Dpmu_nu() {};

void FillEventVariables?(FitEvent? *event); bool isSignal(FitEvent? *event);

private:

};

#endif

Make NUISANCE aware of the sample

FCN/SampleList

Add the sample to the makefile

CMake